Resin Bound and Resin Bonded – What’s the Difference?

Driveways, pathways, patios, and other outdoor surfaces have seen an evolution in recent years. If you’re considering a new surface, you’ve probably come across both resin bound and resin bonded driveways. So, what’s the difference between resin bound and resin bonded, and which is better for your needs?

In this post, we’ll break down these two options in detail, covering everything from how they’re made to their pros and cons. You’ll learn about how to apply, their durability, and real-life applications in homes, parks, and commercial spaces. Whether you’re looking for a stunning new driveway or a durable surface for a care home or hotel, by the end, you’ll know which resin surface is right for you.

Resin Bound Driveways: The Basics

Resin bound driveways have gained popularity in recent years. Their smooth, Rice Krispie-style finish and  versatility adds to their ability to handle heavy traffic. In a resin bound driveway, aggregates like gravel or crushed stone are mixed with quartz for hardening. The blend is mixed with a clear resin and then spread evenly across the surface. The result is a highly porous surface that allows water to drain through, making it SUDS-compliant (Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems) depending on the base it is installed on top of.

The porous nature of resin bound surfaces makes them suitable for homes, parks, hospitals, care homes, and even around swimming pools, where drainage is essential to avoid pooling water. They also have a long lifespan, often lasting for decades if properly installed and maintained.

Vuba Resin Bound Kits, for example, are available in a wide range of aggregate blends and colours, allowing homeowners or businesses to create a completely bespoke look. You can even blend aggregates to create bespoke designs or patterns such as corporate logos, making this option highly customisable.

Resin Bonded Driveways: A Closer Look

While similar in name, the construction of a resin bonded driveway is entirely different. For resin bonded surfaces, the resin is applied first as a thin layer to the surface (typically concrete or tarmac), and then the aggregate is scattered on top, creating a textured, non-permeable finish. This means water cannot pass through, and drainage solutions will need to be considered.

The biggest appeal of bonded resin driveways is their ease of installation when compared to resin bound systems; they are cheaper to purchase and install, and provide excellent durability and grip. Their rough texture makes them perfect for sloping driveways or high-traffic areas, as they can offer more skid resistance.

These surfaces are also popular for forecourts, hotels, and commercial spaces. These “stone carpets” can withstand heavy use while maintaining a classic, stony appearance, without losing gravel to high winds or heavy rainfall.

Resin Bound vs Resin Bonded: Key Differences

When evaluating resin bound and resin bonded surfaces, the distinctions between them go beyond their names. Though both use resin as a binding agent, their construction, functionality, and aesthetic outcomes vary significantly. To help you make an informed decision for your next driveway, pathway, or patio project, let’s delve deeper into the key differences between them.

1. Permeability and Drainage

One of the most critical differences between resin bound and resin bonded driveways is how they handle water. This impacts not only the functionality but also the legal and environmental compliance of your driveway or outdoor surface.

Resin Bound:

These are porous, meaning water can drain through the surface into the ground below. This makes resin bound surfaces highly attractive for both residential and commercial use, as they help prevent water pooling, reduce flood risks, and complies with Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) when used over tarmac or another porous surface. For concrete, mesh grids are used when installing a resin bound system, to provide drainage.

The permeability of resin bound surfaces also means they’re a practical choice around swimming pools, in theme parks, and for care homes, where slip hazards from standing water need to be minimised.

Resin Bonded:

Unlike their bound counterparts, resin bonded surfaces are non-porous. The resin is laid down first over concrete, tarmac/asphalt or steel, and the aggregate is scattered on top, creating a solid surface that does not allow water to pass through. As a result, drainage systems such as channels or slopes must be integrated into the design to guide water away from the surface. While they don’t provide the same environmental benefits as resin bound systems, resin bonded surfaces offer other advantages, such as a highly textured finish and excellent grip.

 

2. Surface Texture and Finish

The look and feel of a driveway play a big role in both its usability and overall appeal. Whether you’re prioritising smoothness or a rougher texture can affect which type of resin surface will best suit your needs.

Resin Bound:

With their smooth, seamless finish, resin bound surfaces are known for their appealing and  high-end look. The mix of resin and aggregates is evenly applied, creating a continuous, even surface without loose stones. This smooth texture makes them more comfortable for pedestrians and wheelchair users, a preferred choice for care homes and hospitals. Their sleek, modern look also lends itself to areas like hotel forecourts, patios, and pathways in public parks.

Resin Bonded:

In contrast, resin bonded surfaces have a much rougher texture. This is due to the aggregate being scattered over the resin, resulting in a finish that closely resembles loose gravel, although the stones remain fixed in place. The uneven surface is one of the reasons why resin bonded driveways offer superior traction and grip, which is particularly useful on sloping driveways or in high-traffic areas. While this textured look may not have the sleek elegance of resin bound surfacing, it has a more traditional or rustic aesthetic, making it a good fit for historical buildings or properties where a natural stone look is desired.

 

3. Durability and Lifespan

Both resin bound and resin bonded driveways are robust for outdoor surfaces exposed to weather, heavy foot traffic, or vehicle use. They offer different levels of durability depending on the conditions and use cases.

Resin Bound:

Due to their construction method, resin bound surfaces are incredibly strong and resilient. When properly installed to the required depth, they are capable of withstanding substantial wear and tear from vehicles and foot traffic, while still maintaining their structure. The flexible nature of the resin-bound system means it is less prone to cracking or damage from temperature fluctuations, making it a long-lasting solution for driveways, patios, and commercial settings like theme parks or hotels. With minimal maintenance, resin bound surfaces can last for many decades, offering excellent long-term value.

Resin Bonded:

While also durable, resin bonded surfaces may not last as long as resin bound surfaces, especially in areas of high traffic or where heavy vehicles are present. The aggregate layer on top of the resin is not fully encapsulated like in a bound system, which means it can be more susceptible to wear over time, particularly if the surface is frequently exposed to strong weather conditions or high use. With regular upkeep and proper installation, a resin bonded driveway  can still be expected to last for over a decade or more.

Where Can You Use Resin Bound/Bonded Surfacing?

The Many Uses of Resin Bound and Resin Bonded Surfaces

Whether you’re managing a public park, overseeing university grounds, or designing a luxury hotel, resin bound and resin bonded surfaces offer exceptional versatility, durability, and aesthetic appeal. From driveways to pathways, patios, and pool surrounds, these surfaces can be adapted to meet the needs of any environment. By choosing the right resin solution for your project, you can ensure a high-quality finish that will stand the test of time and weather.

Enhanced Safety and Durability for Public Spaces

In environments like parks, pedestrian areas, or tourist attractions, resin bound surfaces excel due to their porous structure, which prevents water accumulation and reduces the risk of slips. Resin bonded surfaces, with their added grip, are perfect for sloping paths and high-traffic areas, ensuring safety for everyone, from wheelchair users to cyclists. This makes them a popular choice for theme parks, zoos, and other public venues where safety is paramount.

Ideal for Commercial and Residential Driveways

Resin bonded surfaces shine in commercial forecourts and parking areas due to their strength and skid resistance, handling both foot and vehicle traffic. For residential uses, the smooth, seamless finish of resin bound surfaces enhances curb appeal, providing a low-maintenance option that withstands heavy use. Both options offer a professional, polished look with long-lasting performance.

Perfect for Luxury and High-Traffic Leisure Environments

In luxury settings like hotels, spas, and swimming pools, resin bound surfaces provide a sleek, customisable finish that integrates into any design. Their porous nature prevents water build-up around pools and hot tubs, offering non-slip safety without compromising on style. Similarly, resin bonded surfaces ensure grip and safety in areas where traction is essential, making them a trusted choice in high-end venues.

Educational Campuses

Resin bound surfaces provide safe, non-slip pathways for schools and universities, ensuring rainwater doesn’t pool. Resin bonded surfaces, with their enhanced grip, are perfect for playgrounds, sports courts, and bike racks. Schools can also customise the design to incorporate logos and colours that match their branding.

Care Homes and Hospitals

In healthcare settings, resin bound surfaces provide a smooth, slip-resistant finish, accommodating wheelchairs and mobility aids. For ramps or sloped areas, resin bonded surfaces offer the necessary grip to ensure patient and resident safety. These surfaces also offer a cost-effective, low-maintenance option, ideal for facilities working with tight budgets.

 

The Installation Process: What to Expect

Understanding the installation process for both resin bound and resin bonded surfaces is crucial before committing to either option. The installation phase is key to ensuring the longevity, durability, and performance of the surface. While both methods involve resin and aggregates, the differences in how they are applied affect the finish, drainage, and long-term maintenance. Here’s a comprehensive look at what you can expect during the installation of both types of surfacing for driveways and other applications.

 

Preparation of the Base

No matter which resin system you choose, the first and most important step in the installation process is preparing a suitable base. Both resin bound and resin bonded surfaces require a solid, stable sub-base for the resin and aggregates to adhere to. Without a properly laid base, even the best resin systems will fail prematurely.

Typically, the base is made from one of two materials:

• Tarmac (Asphalt): This is a common choice for driveways because it provides a flexible, durable foundation. Tarmac is also ideal for ensuring proper drainage when combined with a resin bound system, which is porous.
• Concrete: Concrete bases are stronger but less flexible than tarmac, making them an excellent choice for surfaces like patios, pathways, and driveways where heavy vehicles may be parked. For resin bonded surfaces, which are non-porous, concrete is often the preferred base as it adds to the overall durability.
• Steel: Yes, we said typically two, but resin bonded systems, in particular, can be used over properly prepared steel surfaces.

The base must be level, stable, and crack-free. Any existing cracks or holes should be repaired before the resin application begins, as an uneven or damaged base can compromise the finish and reduce the lifespan of the surface.

Resin Bound Driveway Installation

Once the base is prepared, the installation process for a resin bound driveway begins. Here’s what to expect:

Mixing the Resin and Aggregates:

The first step involves combining the selected aggregates (such as gravel, crushed stone, or even recycled materials) with the clear resin binder. This mixture is prepared on-site using specialised equipment, though for smaller applications (less than 1m²) the materials can be mixed with a drill in a bucket. The resin coats each piece of aggregate, ensuring that when applied, the surface will be uniform and solid once cured.

Application of the Resin Mixture:

After mixing, the resin-aggregate mixture is poured directly onto the prepared base. The installers spread the mixture evenly across the surface using a trowel. This step requires precision to ensure that the surface has a smooth finish and consistent thickness throughout.

Levelling and Smoothing:

As the mixture is applied, the surface is smoothed and levelled to create a seamless, even finish. A Vuba resin bound surface requires a layer of at least 12 millimetres in thickness, depending on its intended use. For example, a driveway created with a Vuba Trade Vehicle Grade Resin Bound Kit requires at least an 18mm depth for vehicular traffic. As a result, resin bound surfaces are typically installed by trained professionals.

Curing Time:

Once the resin bound mixture has been spread, it needs time to cure. This is a critical phase where the resin hardens and binds the aggregate together. Curing typically takes between 16 and 24 hours (enough for light food traffic), though this can vary based on weather conditions. It’s important to keep the surface free from vehicular traffic during this time to avoid damaging the finish, with Vuba recommending 24-48 hours.

Resin Bonded Driveway Installation

Installing a resin bonded driveway is a more straightforward process that shouldn’t require a professional. The method results in a rougher, more textured finish, but the steps to get there differ significantly from resin bound systems:

Applying the Resin Layer:

Unlike resin bound systems where the resin is mixed with the aggregate, in a resin bonded driveway, the resin is applied directly to the surface. A thin layer of resin is spread evenly across the base (usually concrete, tarmac, or steel). This adhesive-like resin layer serves as the foundation for the aggregate to bond to.

Scattering the Aggregates:

After the resin layer has been applied, the chosen aggregate (stone, gravel, etc.) is scattered over the surface by hand. The installer must work quickly, as the resin begins to cure almost immediately after being spread. The aggregate sticks to the resin, creating the signature rough and textured finish of a resin bonded driveway.

Excess Aggregate Removal:

Once the aggregates are applied and the resin has started to set, the excess aggregate that didn’t bond to the resin is swept away. This ensures a uniform, compact surface with no loose stones that could become dislodged underfoot or under a vehicle’s weight.

Curing Time:

Like the resin bound system, a resin bonded driveway also needs time to cure. However, the curing time is typically faster, depending on the resin product used and the ambient temperature. Again, it’s essential to keep the area free from foot traffic and vehicles until the product has cured according to its manufacturer instructions.

 

Timeframes and Installation Conditions

Installing both resin bound and resin bonded driveways can usually be completed within a day or two, depending on the size of the project. For smaller areas like pathways or patios, the installation may take less than a day. For larger driveways or commercial spaces, the job could take longer, especially if additional groundwork is needed to level the base or repair any existing damage.

The best conditions for installing a resin driveway are dry, warm weather. Both types of resin systems are highly sensitive to moisture during the curing process, so installation should ideally take place on a dry day. Rain can prevent the resin from curing correctly, leading to a compromised finish or a reduced lifespan.

 

Ensuring a Professional Installation

One of the most important aspects of any resin driveway installation is ensuring that it’s done by a qualified professional. While resin driveways offer fantastic durability, a poor installation can lead to problems like uneven surfaces, poor drainage, or premature wear and tear. Always check the credentials and experience of your installer, and make sure they are using high-quality resin and aggregates.

A professional installation will not only guarantee a high-quality finish but also provide peace of mind that your investment in a resin driveway – whether bound or bonded – will last for many years.

That said, installing a resin bonded surface is a simpler process, without the need to monitor the application depth of the system. Similarly, If you’re looking to apply a resin bound system to a smaller area, such as a path or a patio, 1m² Vuba DIY Resin Bound Kits are available. These packs are designed for easy installation with no additional mixing or blending of components – just pour into a drum or container and mix with a drill and paddle.

Maintaining Your Resin Driveway

Once you’ve invested in a resin surface, whether it’s a resin bound driveway or a resin bonded driveway, proper maintenance is essential to keep it looking its best and to prolong its lifespan. Fortunately, resin surfaces are known for their low-maintenance nature, but that doesn’t mean they’re entirely maintenance-free. Here’s a detailed guide to maintaining your resin driveway to ensure it stays in top condition for years to come.

 

Pressure Washing: When and How to Use It Safely

For stubborn dirt or stains, a pressure washer can be an effective tool, but it should be used with caution depending on the type of resin surface.

For Resin Bound Driveways:

These surfaces are designed to withstand pressure washing due to their durable, bonded structure. However, it’s still recommended to use a lower pressure setting, typically between 100 and 150 bar (1450 to 2175 psi). This ensures that while cleaning the surface, you don’t cause any damage to the resin or dislodge the aggregate.

When pressure washing, it’s important to keep the nozzle at least 30cm (12 inches) away from the surface and move in a sweeping motion to avoid concentrating pressure in one area. This prevents any risk of breaking the bond between the resin and the aggregate.

For Resin Bonded Driveways:

Unlike their resin bound counterparts, resin bonded driveways have a looser structure, where the aggregate is scattered over a thin layer of resin. Because of this, high-pressure washing can displace the stones, leading to bare patches or uneven surfaces. If you need to pressure wash a resin bonded driveway, set the machine to its lowest pressure setting and maintain a greater distance between the nozzle and the surface to protect the gravel. Alternatively, you can use a garden hose for less intense cleaning.

 

Weed Control: Stopping Unwanted Growth

One of the advantages of a resin aggregate driveway is that it offers good resistance to weed growth, particularly for resin bound driveways due to their sealed, porous surface. However, over time, weeds might still appear, especially around the edges where the resin meets other surfaces, like grass or flowerbeds. This is more common with resin bonded driveways, as the loose gravel may allow weed seeds to settle in the gaps between the stones.

Here’s how to manage weeds:

Manual Removal:

For small weeds that appear at the edges or in cracks, manual removal is usually enough. Simply pull them out by the roots to prevent regrowth. Doing this regularly will prevent weeds from taking hold.

Weed Killers:

If manual removal isn’t enough, you can use a mild, non-corrosive weed killer. It’s important to avoid products that contain harsh chemicals, as they could damage the resin or discolour the aggregate. Look for eco-friendly weed control solutions that won’t harm your driveway surface.

Preventive Measures:

Regular cleaning and sweeping will help to remove debris that could decompose and allow weeds to grow. Installing a weed membrane beneath the driveway during installation can also help prevent weeds from coming up through the resin.

 

Dealing With Moss and Algae: Keep the Surface Safe and Clean

Moss and algae can sometimes grow on the surface of your resin driveway, particularly in shaded or damp areas. Not only can this be unsightly, but it can also create slippery surfaces, posing a safety hazard.

Moss Removal:

If moss starts to grow, it can usually be removed by brushing with a stiff broom or wire brush. For tougher patches, a moss remover or algicide can be applied. These products are generally safe for use on resin surfaces, but always check the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure you’re using a compatible treatment.

Algae Control:

Algae can make a driveway slippery, especially after rain. Algae growth can be tackled with specialised cleaners that are safe for use on resin surfaces. Applying a fungicide or algicide periodically can help to prevent regrowth, keeping your driveway safe and looking fresh.

 

Stain Removal: Keeping the Surface Looking Its Best

While resin surfaces are generally resistant to staining, occasional spills of oil, grease, or other substances can happen, especially if you park vehicles on the driveway. Here’s how to deal with stains effectively:

Oil and Grease:

For oil and grease stains, acting quickly is key. Use an absorbent material like sand or cat litter to soak up as much of the spill as possible. Then, use a mild detergent mixed with warm water and a soft brush to scrub the area gently. In most cases, this should lift the stain without damaging the resin.

Rust Stains:

If metal objects, like bicycles or garden tools, are left on the driveway for extended periods, they can sometimes leave rust marks. These can be treated with specialised rust removers designed for outdoor surfaces. Always test a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure the product doesn’t damage or discolour the driveway.

General Stains:

For other common stains, such as mud or organic material, a simple solution of water and detergent should be enough. If stains persist, look for cleaning products specifically formulated for resin driveways.

 

Protecting the Surface from Heavy Loads and Abrasion

While resin bound driveways are highly durable, certain practices can help extend their life and maintain their appearance:

Avoid Sharp or Heavy Objects:

Avoid dragging heavy or sharp objects across the surface, as this could cause scratches or gouges, particularly in resin bonded driveways, where the aggregate sits loosely on the surface.

Limit Vehicle Overloading:

For residential driveways, resin bound surfaces installed to the correct depth are designed to withstand normal vehicle use. However, if you’re expecting larger vehicles, such as delivery trucks, to park on the driveway regularly, it’s worth considering reinforcing the base during installation to prevent cracking or sinking over time.

 

Routine Inspections: Preventing Long-Term Damage

Carrying out routine inspections of your driveway is a simple but effective way to catch any potential problems before they worsen. Keep an eye out for:

Cracks or Loose Aggregate:

If you notice any cracks forming or aggregate starting to come loose, it’s best to address these issues sooner rather than later. In most cases, small repairs can be made without needing to replace the entire surface.

Pooling Water:

For resin bound driveways, water should drain freely through the surface. If you notice pooling, it could indicate that the surface is clogged with debris or dirt. A light pressure wash should resolve the issue. For resin bonded driveways, ensure the drainage system is functioning properly to prevent water damage.

 

Resealing Your Resin Driveway: When Is It Necessary?

Although resin driveways are built to last, over time, exposure to the elements can cause some wear and tear, particularly on resin bonded driveways where the aggregate may start to loosen. In such cases, resealing the surface can help restore its original appearance and protect it from further damage.

Resealing Process:

A clear resin sealant can be applied to resin bound surfaces to rejuvenate the driveway and protect it from UV damage, water ingress, and general wear. This process is usually recommended every 5 to 10 years, depending on the amount of traffic and environmental exposure the surface experiences.

Benefits of Resealing:

Resealing not only refreshes the look of the driveway but also extends its lifespan, preventing the need for costly repairs or resurfacing in the future.

FAQs

Are Resin Bonded driveways any good?

Yes, resin bonded driveways are an excellent choice for high-traffic areas, offering durability, a textured finish, and enhanced skid resistance.

How much does a resin bound driveway cost?

A resin bound driveway starts from approx. £30 per square metre (as of October 2024), depending on the materials used and the complexity of the design. Rawlins Paints have resin bound kits available with all of the aggregates and resin binders required.

How long does a resin bound driveway last?

With proper installation and maintenance, a resin bound driveway can last for decades.

Can you power wash resin drives?

Yes, you can lightly power wash resin bound driveways, but for resin bonded driveways, a lower pressure is recommended to avoid dislodging the gravel.

Do weeds grow through resin driveways?

It’s rare for weeds to grow through resin aggregate driveways, thanks to the resin sealing in the aggregate. However, some growth at the edges may occur over time.

 

Conclusion

Choosing between a resin bound driveway and a resin bonded driveway depends on your specific needs, from aesthetics to durability and budget. Both options are available at Rawlins in convenient complete kits that offer excellent long-term benefits, whether for residential, commercial, or public spaces.

Still unsure? Drop a comment below, and Rawlins’ Technical Experts will be happy to assist you with personalised advice for your project.